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Topic Notes · Easy summaries with diagrams
Chapter 11 — Chapter 11 — Transfer of Thermal Energy
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📘Easy summary
Transfer of heat through a material by direct contact between particles, from hot to cold region, without bulk movement. Vibrating particles pass energy to neighbours; in metals free electrons carry energy rapidly, so metals are good conductors (copper, aluminium). Non-metals, wood, plastic, air are insulators (poor conductors). Uses: cooking pots of metal with plastic handles; woollen clothes and double glazing trap air.
⭐Key points
- Free electrons → fast conduction in metals.
🔬Diagram
🌿Real-life example
Spoon in hot tea becomes hot.
💡Exam tip
- Needs medium + contact.
✅Quick check
1. Needs direct contact:
2. Metals conduct fast due to:
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