Topic 1 · pp. 134–136 · Free
Topic Notes · Easy summaries with diagrams
Chapter 24 — Chapter 24 — Carboxylic Acids
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📘Easy summary
Functional group –COOH. Alcohols oxidized by acidified KMnO₄ or K₂Cr₂O₇: CH₃CH₂OH + 2[O] → CH₃COOH + H₂O (Mn in MnO₄⁻ is reduced, +7 → +2). Commercial vinegar by aerobic fermentation: dilute ethanol (cider, wine) trickled over wood shavings with Acetobacter (acetic acid bacteria) at ~30–35 °C with ample air: C₂H₅OH + O₂ → CH₃COOH + H₂O — oxygen is needed to oxidize the ethanol. Gives 4–8% vinegar.
⭐Key points
- Oxygen oxidizes ethanol.
🔬Diagram
🌿Real-life example
Vinegar from apple cider.
💡Exam tip
- Role of O₂.
✅Quick check
1. Reduced in KMnO₄ oxidation:
2. O₂ role:
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