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Topic Notes · Easy summaries with diagrams
Chapter 18 — Chapter 18 — Salts
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📘Easy summary
Salts are ionic compounds: cations and anions held by strong electrostatic forces in a 3-D crystal lattice — a regular repeating arrangement of ions. NaCl: each Na⁺ surrounded by 6 Cl⁻ and vice versa; face-centred cubic crystals. Strength of forces increases with higher ionic charge and smaller ionic size. Much energy is needed to break the lattice, so melting points are high (NaCl 801 °C) and salts are solids at room temperature. Ionic solids don't conduct; molten or aqueous they conduct as ions move.
⭐Key points
- KCl m.p. lower than NaCl (larger K⁺).
🔬Diagram
🌿Real-life example
NaCl crystal = cube.
💡Exam tip
- Mention charge and size.
✅Quick check
1. NaCl crystal shape:
2. High m.p. because:
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