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Chapter 10 — Chapter 10 — Reproduction in Plants

5 topics + Exercise· BIOLOGY — 9
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Topic 1 · pp. 151–153 · Free

Asexual Reproduction: Fission, Budding, Spores

Source: Biology 9 (PCTB), Ch 10, pp. 151–153

📘Easy summary

Asexual reproduction does not involve fusion of gametes; offspring are genetically identical to parents. Sexual reproduction involves fusion of male and female gametes and gives variations.

⭐Key points

  • Binary fission (bacteria): DNA replicates, copies move to opposite sides, membrane pinches in, new wall forms → two identical cells.
  • Protists (Amoeba, Euglena): nucleus divides then cytoplasm.
  • Budding (yeast, Hydra): outgrowth (bud) grows and may separate.
  • Spores: thick-walled asexual cells in sporangia (Rhizopus); tolerate unfavourable conditions.
  • Endospores: some bacteria form them inside the cell in harsh conditions.

🔬Diagram

Asexual reproductionBinary fissionBuddingSporesEndosporesVegetativepropagationAsexual

🌿Real-life example

Bread mould spreads quickly because Rhizopus releases thousands of spores.

💡Exam tip

  • Bacteria → binary fission (MCQ 1); yeast → budding (MCQ 2); endospores in harsh conditions (MCQ 4).

✅Quick check

1. Spores of Rhizopus are produced in:

2. Offspring of asexual reproduction are:

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