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Chapter 2 — Chapter 2 — Biodiversity
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📘Easy summary
Biodiversity means the variety of organisms in a particular area. It is measured by considering the number of different kinds of organisms and the variation within each kind.
Biologists have discovered and classified almost two million kinds of organisms. Biodiversity is not evenly spread: tropical regions have more biodiversity than polar regions.
⭐Key points
- Biodiversity depends on climate, altitude and soil type.
- Ecosystem stability: it maintains balance and plays a role in carbon and nitrogen cycles.
- Climate regulation: plants and algae absorb carbon dioxide.
- Natural resources: food, medicine, building materials and fuel.
- Economic benefits: agriculture, tourism and pharmaceuticals. 22 May is International Biodiversity Day.
🔬Diagram
🌿Real-life example
The forests of northern Pakistan have far more kinds of plants and animals than a frozen polar region — tropical and warm areas are richer in biodiversity.
💡Exam tip
- Define with BOTH parts: number of kinds + variation within each kind.
- Tropical > polar biodiversity.
✅Quick check
1. Biologists have classified about how many kinds of organisms?
2. Which regions have more biodiversity?
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