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Topic Notes · Easy summaries with diagrams
Chapter 11 — Chapter 11 — Hydrocarbons
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📘Easy summary
Organic chemistry is the chemistry of carbon compounds; carbonates, cyanides, carbides, cyanates and oxides of carbon are inorganic. Most organic compounds also contain hydrogen (and oxygen). Millions exist — biomolecules (proteins, enzymes, carbohydrates, lipids, vitamins, nucleic acids), medicines, synthetic fibres. Carbon forms four short, strong covalent bonds and links with itself (catenation) into straight chains, branched chains and rings.
⭐Key points
- Compounds with only single bonds from carbon are saturated (C₂H₆, CH₃Cl, CH₃OH, CH₃NH₂).
- A structural formula shows atoms joined by lines representing bonds.
🔬Diagram
🌿Real-life example
Methane: H–C–H with two more H — condensed CH₄.
💡Exam tip
- Define catenation in one line.
✅Quick check
1. Self-linking of carbon:
2. Inorganic carbon compound:
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