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Topic Notes · Easy summaries with diagrams
Chapter 5 — Chapter 5 — Energetics
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📘Easy summary
In energetics we study energy changes during reactions caused by breaking and making bonds. A system is the change under study (reactants, products, catalyst, solvent); everything else is the surrounding. Energy from surrounding → system is endothermic (+); system → surrounding is exothermic (−).
⭐Key points
- Chemical energy is stored in bonds; heat is released on bond formation, absorbed on breaking.
- Boiling water in a beaker: water = system; beaker, burner = surrounding.
- Exothermic: surroundings get warmer; endothermic: surroundings get cooler.
- Energetics is part of thermodynamics.
🔬Diagram
🌿Real-life example
Boiling water absorbs heat — endothermic.
💡Exam tip
- Sign convention: + absorbed, − evolved.
✅Quick check
1. Energy transferred from system to surrounding is:
2. In boiling water, the beaker is the:
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