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Topic Notes · Easy summaries with diagrams
Chapter 8 — Chapter 8 — Magnetism
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📘Easy summary
Magnetic materials are attracted by magnets: iron, cobalt, nickel, steel and their alloys. Non-magnetic: aluminium, copper, wood, plastic. A magnet has two poles, N and S; like poles repel, unlike attract; poles cannot be isolated (breaking gives new magnets). Freely suspended magnet points N–S. Repulsion is the sure test of a magnet — a magnet attracts both magnets and magnetic materials but repels only another magnet. Temporary magnets (soft iron) are magnetic only inside a field; permanent magnets (steel, alnico, neodymium) retain magnetism.
⭐Key points
- Permanent magnets: motors, generators, loudspeakers, separating iron.
- Electromagnets: bells, relays, circuit breakers, cranes.
🔬Diagram
🌿Real-life example
Aluminium is non-magnetic.
💡Exam tip
- Use repulsion to identify a magnet.
✅Quick check
1. Not magnetic:
2. Sure test of magnet:
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