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Chapter 29 — Chapter 29 — Spectroscopy-1
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📘Easy summary
Light and other electromagnetic radiation travel as waves of oscillating electric and magnetic fields, defined by wavelength (λ) and frequency (ν), travelling at c = 3.0 × 10⁸ m/s; c = λν. The electromagnetic spectrum: radio waves, microwaves, infrared, visible (about 400–750 nm), ultraviolet, X-rays and gamma rays (gamma highest energy). Planck's quantum theory: only discrete amounts (quanta) of energy are emitted or absorbed, and energy is directly proportional to frequency: E = hν = hc/λ, h = 6.626 × 10⁻³⁴ J s.
⭐Key points
- c = λν.
- E = hν = hc/λ.
- Higher frequency → higher energy.
- Visible ≈ 400–750 nm.
🔬Diagram
🌿Real-life example
UV light carries more energy per photon than infrared.
💡Exam tip
- Shorter wavelength = higher energy.
✅Quick check
1. E is directly proportional to:
2. Highest-energy radiation:
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