Chapter 7 — Chapter 7 — Hypothesis Testing

Hypothesis testing is a method used to make decisions using data. It checks whether an assumption is true or false and is widely used in research and analysis. It follows a clear process that helps accept or reject assumptions; data is collected and analyzed carefully, which reduces guesswork and supports evidence-based decisions. A hypothesis is an assumption or statement in research that is made before testing begins; it can be tested using data, predicts an outcome and must be clear and measurable (in machine learning it is written hθ(x) = y). Research questions define what is being studied and a hypothesis is formed from the research question. Hypothesis testing helps analyze data logically to check whether results are meaningful, avoids random conclusions and compares results with expectations.