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Chapter 8 — Chapter 8 — Plant Physiology
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📘Easy summary
Macronutrients: needed in large amounts (>1 mg/g dry mass) — C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S. Micronutrients: trace amounts — Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, B, Mo, Cl, Ni. Water potential (ψ): potential energy of water per unit volume relative to pure water (0); water moves from higher to lower ψ; ψ = ψs (solute potential, negative) + ψp (pressure potential). Adding solute (sugar) lowers (drops) ψ. Hypotonic solution: lower solute conc, higher ψ — cell gains water, turgid. Hypertonic: higher solute, lower ψ — cell loses water, plasmolysis. Isotonic: equal.
⭐Key points
- More solute → lower ψ.
🔬Diagram
🌿Real-life example
Pure water ψ = 0.
💡Exam tip
- Macro vs micro list.
✅Quick check
1. Sugar increase → ψ:
2. Micronutrient:
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