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Chapter 10 — Chapter 10 — Electromagnetism
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📘Easy summary
A current-carrying conductor placed in a magnetic field experiences a force F = BIL sin θ, where θ is the angle between the conductor (current) and the field. In vector form F = I(L × B). Force is maximum (BIL) when the conductor is perpendicular to the field and zero when parallel. Direction by Fleming's left-hand rule: forefinger — field, middle finger — current, thumb — force (motion). The magnetic field around a straight current is given by the right-hand grip rule; for a current flowing north the field above the wire points west.
⭐Key points
- F = BIL sin θ.
- Fleming's left-hand rule.
- Zero force when parallel.
🔬Diagram
🌿Real-life example
2 m conductor ⟂ 0.5 T, force 1 N: I = 1 A.
💡Exam tip
- Use I = F/(BL sin θ) for current.
✅Quick check
1. Current north; field above the wire points:
2. Force on conductor parallel to B:
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