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Chapter 5 — Chapter 5 — Solids and Fluid Dynamics
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📘Easy summary
Solids are classified by the arrangement of their atoms. Crystalline solids have a regular, repeating three-dimensional arrangement (long-range order) of atoms, ions or molecules; they have sharp melting points and definite shapes, e.g. NaCl, quartz, metals, diamond. Amorphous solids (glassy) have no regular arrangement (only short-range order); they soften over a range of temperatures, e.g. glass, plastics. Polymeric solids are made of long chain molecules (polymers) formed from small units (monomers); they are flexible and have low density, e.g. rubber, plastics, nylon, wool, polythene.
⭐Key points
- Crystalline: long-range order, sharp m.p.
- Amorphous: no order, soften gradually.
- Polymeric: long chains.
🔬Diagram
🌿Real-life example
Glass melts gradually; ice melts sharply at 0 °C.
💡Exam tip
- Mention melting behaviour as a distinguishing feature.
✅Quick check
1. Glass is:
2. Rubber is a:
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