Topic 1 · 2.1–2.2 · Free
Topic Notes · Easy summaries with diagrams
Chapter 2 — Chapter 2 — Force and Motion
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Topic 1 of 8
📘Easy summary
Scalars are quantities described completely by magnitude with proper unit (mass, time, energy). Vectors need magnitude and direction (displacement, velocity, force). A vector A in a plane can be resolved into two perpendicular components: A_x = A cos θ along x-axis and A_y = A sin θ along y-axis. Conversely, the magnitude is A = √(A_x² + A_y²) and the direction θ = tan⁻¹(A_y/A_x). Vectors are added by head-to-tail rule or by adding their components.
⭐Key points
- A_x = A cos θ, A_y = A sin θ.
- A = √(A_x² + A_y²).
- θ = tan⁻¹(A_y/A_x).
🔬Diagram
🌿Real-life example
10 N at 30°: F_x = 8.66 N, F_y = 5 N.
💡Exam tip
- Check the quadrant of θ from the signs of the components.
✅Quick check
1. A_y of a vector A at angle θ with x-axis:
2. A vector quantity:
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