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Topic Notes · Easy summaries with diagrams
Chapter 7 — Chapter 7 — Inheritance
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📘Easy summary
Eukaryotic chromosomes are made of DNA and proteins (histones) — chromatin. A chromosome has two sister chromatids joined at the centromere. DNA: double helix of nucleotides (sugar, phosphate, bases A,T,G,C; A–T, G–C). Gene: segment of DNA coding for a protein/trait, at a fixed locus. Alleles: alternative forms of a gene (T, t). Dominant allele expresses itself in heterozygote; recessive only when homozygous. Homozygous (TT, tt), heterozygous (Tt). Genotype: allele combination; phenotype: observable trait.
⭐Key points
- Humans: 46 chromosomes (23 pairs).
🔬Diagram
🌿Real-life example
Tt plant is tall.
💡Exam tip
- Define all genetic terms with examples.
✅Quick check
1. Chromosomes made of:
2. Alleles are:
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